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Objective@#To analyze the change trend of HIV genetic subtypes and compare the first CD4+T cell counts of newly diagnosed HIV infected patients in Liuzhou from 1998 to 2012, and provide a reference for AIDS prevention and control.@*Methods@#Newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients from 1998 to 2012 in Liuzhou were selected through national HIV/ADIS comprehensive response information management system. Their plasma samples were used for RNA gene extraction, amplification, sequencing and genotyping. Coharan-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the ratio trend of genetic subtypes and phylogenetic clusters of HIV and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was used to compare the first CD4+T cell counts (CD4) of the different subtype HIV infected patients.@*Results@#A total of 1 877 newly diagnosed HIV infected patients were included in the study. From 1998 to 2012, the proportions of CRF01_AE and CRF01_AE (Cluster 1) increased from 78.4% (76/97) to 91.5% (1 441/1 574), from 63.9% (62/97) to 74.0% (1 164/1 574), and the proportion of CRF07_BC decreased from 17.5% (17/97) to 4.6% (72/1 574), respectively (Z=4.632, P<0.001; Z=2.455, P=0.014; Z=-5.943, P<0.001). The median and interquartile range of the first CD4 of the patients infected with subtype CRF01_AE (Cluster 1), CRF01_AE (Cluster 2), CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC were 230 (83-375), 215 (48-351), 365 (254-503) and 334 (206-479) cell/μl, respectively. The first CD4 levels of the patients infected with subtype CRF01_AE (Cluster 1) or CRF01_AE (Cluster 2) were significantly lower than those of CRF07_BC (Z=-4.795, P<0.001; Z=-4.238, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The genetic subtypes of HIV were mainly CRF01_AE in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients and this subtype proportion was in increase and the first CD4 levels of the patients were low in Liuzhou during 1998 to 2012.
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BACKGROUND:Deep vein thrombosis occurred during waiting period before operation affects the prognosis of calcaneal fractures. Therefore, it has important clinical significance for its accurate diagnosis. The staging of thrombosis during waiting period before operation for calcaneal fractures is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To detect the incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis in patients with calcaneal fracture by ultrasound elastography imaging after staging diagnosis of thrombosis. METHODS:Al objects were included in the study from patients with calcaneal fractures waiting for surgery in the Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital between 2008 and 2015. Patients received preoperative duplex ultrasonography. Those with thrombosis received ultrasound elastography. The incidence of thrombosis was calculated. According to medical records, age, sex, body mass index and history of smoking were col ected. The correlation between thrombosis and above factors was analyzed by multiple Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) One hundred and forty-nine patients were final y included. Of these, 22 (14.8%) were found to affect deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb. The incidence of acute thrombosis was 9.4%. (2) Multiple Logistic regression analysis suggested that age (P=0.009, OR=1.063, 95%confidence interval (CI) 1.010–1.117), body mass index (P=0.019, OR=1.302, 95%CI 1.124–1.430), history of smoking (P=0.017, OR=5.124, 95%CI 1.347-18.359), and operation waiting time (P=0.000, OR=5.190, 95%CI 1.396–19.266) were risk factors of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. (3) These results suggest that the incidences of preoperative deep vein thrombosis and acute deep vein thrombosis are very high. The risk assessment of acute deep vein thrombosis should be taken according to the patient’s age, smoking history, body mass index, as wel as the time waiting for surgery. The corresponding diagnosis and treatment program should be given to patients with thrombosis.
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BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein in combination with hol ow porous titanium al oy can improve the affinity with surrounding bone tissues. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s cuftured on a hol ow porous metal prosthesis scaffold. METHODS: Passage 3 Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were directly inoculated onto a hol ow porous metal prosthesis, and then the scaffold was cultured in DMEM medium containing 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.1 g/L bone morphogenetic protein 2, respectively. At 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after inoculation, cel adhesion was detected by MTT assay. Cel osteogenic differentiation was detected by alizarin red staining at 18 days. Besides, Transwel culture was put on the scaffold, and 5x108/L bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were added into the upper chamber, and DMEM medium containing 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.1 g/L bone morphogenetic protein 2 were added into the lower chamber to observe cel migration capability after 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 6-48 hours of inoculation, different mass concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 promoted adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a time-dependent manner. After 18 days of inoculation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by different mass concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 changed from fusiform to polygon, and arranged in a multilayer and overlapped form. Numerous calcified nodules could be found, which were stained red by alizarin red. Additionally, within 6-48 hours of culture, bone morphogenetic protein 2 could promote the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, bone morphogenetic protein 2 can enhance the adhesion, osteogenic differentiation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the hollow porous metal prosthesis.
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BACKGROUND:Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is the main homing regulating factor for mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. How to improve the self-expression of CXCR4 is crucial for regulating the homing ability of stem cells in vivo targeting organs. OBJECTIVE:To construct lentiviral vectors carrying CXCR4 or green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, and to observe their effects on growth and secrete function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Lentiviral vectors were used to over-express CXCR4 in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. GFP gene was transfected as a control. Transfection efficiency was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy, RT-PCR and western blot assay for detecting the expression of CXCR4 or GFP in cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. Effects of CXCR4 expression modified on the cellular proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were assayed with flow cytometry. Effect of CXCR4 regulation on secretion function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was determined by protein analysis from cellsupernatant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:CXCR4 gene or GFP gene could be transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells safely and effectively with lentivirus transfection system. Analysis of CXCR4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels confirmed the transfection efficiency. Effects of CXCR4 over-expression on the cellular proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and effects of CXCR4 regulation on secretion of protective factors from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were improved. The proliferation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with CXCR4 over-expression was improved, which was approved with flow cytometry (P<0.05). And it was helpful for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to secrete some protective factors. Many protein and soluble factors were at higher levels, and those were good at cells proliferation and immunoloregulation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (P<0.05). The method of lentiviral transfection is a safe and effective way to modify bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We can improve the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the survival and emiocytosis ability through genetic engineering.
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BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells from transgenic animals carry green fluorescent protein that can be stably expressed in viable cells and can be used to rapidly screen modified cells in comparison with traditional virus and plasmids. OBJECTIVE:To study the biological features of bone marrow derived stromal cells from transgenic rats with green fluorescent protein gene. METHODS:Bone marrows were isolated from the bilateral long bones of 2-week-old transgenic rats with green fluorescent protein gene, and cultivated in conditioned culture medium to obtain bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with green fluorescent protein gene. The passage 5 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with green fluorescent protein gene were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect cellsurface molecules, and were induced in calcium or adipogenic induction medium. After calcium induction, the alizarin red staining was performed to test the formation of calcium concentration. After adipogenic induction, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were detected with oil red O staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stably expressing green fluorescent protein gene, were obtained successful y from the transgenic rat with green fluorescent protein gene. The cells expressed CD90, CD105 strongly, but did not express or weakly expressed CD14 andCD45. After 3 weeks of calcium induction, jacinth calcium salts could be detected in the cells by alizarin red staining. At 3 weeks of adipogenic induction, the cells showed positive oil red O staining. The green fluorescent protein gene, as report gene, exerts no effect on the cellsurface molecules and multilineage potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which can be used as an efficient tracer.
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BACKGROUND:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is rarely reported, especial y concurrent during perioperative period of renal transplantation. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to uremia, transplant doctors are easy to ignore or not timely diagnosis reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, thus impacting its treatment. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the clinical manifestations, imaging features, treatment experience and prognosis of patients with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome concurrent during perioperative period of renal transplantation, in order to improve the diagnostic rate and therapeutic effect. METHODS:We reviewed clinical data of one case of concurrent reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome during perioperative period of renal transplantation admitted at the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:From the 3rd day postoperatively, the patient gradual y experienced abnormal blood pressure, blurred vision, headache, seizures, disturbance of consciousness and mental and behavioral abnormalities. Early head CT showed low density in the left frontal lobe and corona radiate;and further MRI re-examination showed flake-shaped T1 and long T2 signals in the bilateral frontal lobe, hippocampus, parietal occipital cortex, and brainstem, as wel as high signals on FLARI images at the corresponding parts. After active treatment, the clinical manifestations were improved. Retrospective analysis of clinical data of this case and review of relevant literature wil provide clinical data for the diagnosis and treatment of concurrent reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome during perioperative period of renal transplantation.
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Objective Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweentheexpressionofstromalcellderived factor (SDF)-1,intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and renal tubular necrosis score in rats with renalischemicreperfusioninjury(IRI).Methods SixtySprague-Dawley(SD)ratswererandomlydivided into operation group and sham operation group with 30 rats in each group. Then each group was divided into 6 subgroups (1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h or 72 h )according to different time of measurement after operation with 5 rats in each subgroup. Renal IRI mode1 s were built in rats of operation group. The bilateral renal arteries were dissected in rats of sham operation group and then the incision was sutured. The renal function, renal tubular necrosis score and the variation of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 expression in renal tissues at different time points were measured. The relationship between the expression of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 in renal tissues and renal tubularnecrosisscoreinratsofoperationgroupwasanalyzedbyPearsoncorrelationanalysis.Results The levels of urea nitrogen (BUN)and serum creatinine (Scr)after operation in each subgroup of operation group were significantly higher than those before operation and those in the corresponding subgroups of sham operation group (all in P<0.05). They increased significantly 12 h after operation and reached the peak at 48 h after operation. The renal tubular necrosis score in operation group increased gradually over time (all in P<0.05 ).The highest renal tubular necrosis score was in the 48 h operation subgroup (P<0.05 ). Compared with those in 1 h operation subgroup,the expression of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 in rats' renal tissues of 6 h operation subgroup began to increase significantly,and they reached the peak at 48 h after operation and began to drop down at 72 h after operation. The expression of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 in rats renal tissues in operation group were positively correlated with the levels of BUN,Scr and renal tubular necrosis score at different time points after operation (r=0.614,0.662,0.751;0.640,0.703,0.785;P<0.05).Conclusions Whenrat'srenaltissuedevelops IRI,the expression of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 ,BUN,Scr and renal tubular necrosis score increased.The expression of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 are positively correlated with BUN,Scr and renal tubular necrosis score. The increased expression of SDF-1 ,ICAM-1 can serve as an indicator of the severity of renal IRI.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of Kangfuxin solution as the auxiliary treatment of chronic periodontitis.Methods 41 patients with chronic periodontal diseases were randomly divided into test group and control group.Following initial therapy,Kangfuxin solution was applied to the test group,but the control group received no drug.The bleeding on probing(BOP)was observed before treatment and 1 week after treatment.Results Before treatment.there was no significant difference in the index between the two groups.After initial therapy 1 week,both groups showed improvement in their examined index(all P＜0.01).The results of the test group were better than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion Kangfuxin solution as the auxiliary treatment of periodontitis could effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and gain good clinical effect.It was worth to be used widely.
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BACKGROUND: Anemia after kidney transplantation has a clinical incidence rate of 30%-40%, is the important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure after kidney transplantation and is also the independent prediction index of patient's death. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors related to anemia after kidney transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the anemia group (n = 225, 27.2%, aged 26-65 years), the incidence rate of anemia in female and male patients was 23% and 37%, respectively (P < 0.05), 46 patients had hypertension and used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist and 16 patients had chronic erosive gastritis or upper gastrointestinal tract ulcer, with the human survival rate of 85.3% and kidney failure rate of 25.3%. In the non-anemia group (n = 601, 72.8%, 405 males, 196 females, aged 18-71 years), 35 patients had hypertension and used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist and 14 patients had chronic erosive gastritis or upper gastrointestinal tract ulcer, with the human survival rate of 92.1% and kidney failure rate of 12.6%. There was significant difference in above-mentioned indices between anemia and non-anemia groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that gender, age, kidney function, digestive tract disease history, and drug application are closely related to anemia after kidney transplantation.
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BACKGROUND: It is a gold standard to repair and construct bladder via intestinal tract. However, intestinal tract existing in urinary system may cause metabolic disorder, infection, lithogenesis, or even a series of severe complications.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the performance of tissue engineering during reconstruction of urinary bladder, and to search a reasonable replacement of urinary bladder.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted with the key words of "tissue engineering, bladder, mesenchymal stem cells" in both Chinese and English from January 1993 to October 2009. Inclusion criteria: Articles about correlation among seed cells, tissue-engineered bladder, and bio-scaffold materials were included. Exclusion criteria: Duplicated researches or Meta analysis was excluded. Among 29 articles, the following five points were mainly analyzed: how to stably and rapidly obtain sufficient and viable cell source; how to choose bio-scaffold materials of bladder; how to repair and reconstruct bladder tissue; how to solve the ethics problem; how to accumulate vascularization of the in vitro constructed bladder tissue after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autoallergic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) which were chosen for bladder tissue engineering characterized by convenient collection and low immunogenicity; additionally, BMSCs could differentiate into transitional epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neurocytes so as to improve blood supply and neural function of regenerated tissue. Furthermore, BMSCs could help grafts avoid from fibration-contracture; therefore, BMSCs have a perspective application. However, the efficacy of tissue-engineered bladder needs to be further evaluated for clinical application. For example, the healing, structure, functional reconstruction, and vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder and autoallergic bladder tissue, innervated establishment, and ethical difficulty will be further studied in the future.
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Objective To explore the methods for treating no-functioning renal graft.Methods The management of 240 cases of non-functioning renal graft between 1978 and December 2003 was retrospectively analyzed.Results Twenty-nine recipients with renal failure one month after renal transplantation were subjected to removal of the renal graft. One year after renal transplantation, the recipients with renal failure received resection of the renal graft, 4 were treated with renal artery embolism, and 114 did not receive special treatment.Conclusion The non-functioning renal graft required removal at early stage of renal transplantation. At later stage, no symptomatic cases of post-transplanted renal failure required no management after stopping immunosuppressant. The appropriate management is reserved for the symptomatic cases.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbit temporomandibular joint after anterior disc displacement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experimental anterior disc displacement was induced surgically in 20 Japanese rabbits without opening their temporomandibular joint bursas. Histopathologic and apoptotic (TUNEL) analysis was used to evaluate the changes in articular cartilage, disc and synovium.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Condyle chondrocyte showed apoptosis most obviously at 1 or 2 weeks after surgery, and apoptotic cells concentrated in proliferative zone and hypertrophic zone. 4 or 6 weeks after surgery, the joint went into a remodelling period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chondrocyte apoptosis in temporomandibular joint will be activated after anterior disc displacement, which initiates the remodelling in temporomandibular joint.</p>